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  • 1 hinc

        hinc adv.,    from this place, hence: quae (via) est hinc in Indiam: hinc Romā venire: Illam hinc civem esse aiunt, T.—With iam, from this point onward, henceforth: maiora iam hinc bella dicentur, L.: iam hinc populi R. res gestas peragam, L.—In antithesis to hinc or illinc, on one side... on the other, here... there, on this side... on that: hinc fides, illinc fraudatio, etc.: pudor est, qui suadeat illinc; Hinc dissuadet amor, O.: hinc atque illinc volneribus acceptis, on each side, L.: hinc patres, hinc viros orantīs, L.: Hinc atque hinc rupes minantur, on either side, V.—From this source, from this cause, hence, on this account: hinc sicae, hinc falsa testamenta nascuntur: Hinc illae lacrumae! that's what's the matter! H.: Sed eccum Syrum...! hinc scibo, from him, T.: Hinc canere incipiam (i. e. ex his), will take my theme, V.—Next, afterwards: hinc in urbem digressus, Ta.
    * * *
    from here, from this source/cause; hence, henceforth

    Latin-English dictionary > hinc

  • 2 hinc

    hinc, adv. [for hince, locative form from hic], from this place. hence.
    I.
    In space: Imus huc: illuc hinc: cum illuc ventum est, ire illinc lubet, Enn. ap. Gell. 19, 10, 12 (Trag. v. 258 Vahl.):

    abiit hinc in exercitum,

    Plaut. Am. prol. 125:

    In ea via, quae est hinc in Indiam,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 45:

    qui hinc Roma veneramus,

    id. Agr. 2, 34, 94; cf.:

    hinc a nobis profecti,

    id. Tusc. 1, 13, 29: Ex Sicilia testes erant ii, qui, etc.... et hinc homines maxime illustres, etc., id. Verr. 2, 1, 6, § 17:

    hinc Athenis civis eam emit Atticus,

    Plaut. Ep. 4, 2, 32:

    at enim ille hinc amat meretricem ex proxumo,

    id. Men. 5, 2, 39:

    illam hinc civem esse aiunt,

    Ter. And. 5, 1, 14; id. Eun. 5, 5, 10; out of this world, Aug. Conf. 6, 11.—Esp., in a book or writing, jam hinc, from this point onward:

    majora jam hinc bella dicentur,

    Liv. 7, 29, 1:

    liberi jam hinc populi Romani res gestas peragam,

    id. 2, 1, 1; 8, 7, 7; 40, 35, 14.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    I. q. ab or ex hac parte, from this side, on this side, here:

    imperator utrimque hinc et illinc Jovi vota suscipere,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 74: ex hac parte pudor pugnat, illinc petulantia; hinc pudicitia, illinc stuprum;

    hinc fides, illinc fraudatio, etc.,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 25:

    pudor est, qui suadeat illinc: hinc dissuadet amor,

    Ov. M. 1, 619:

    cum speculorum levitas hinc illinc altitudinem assumpsit,

    Cic. Univ. 14:

    multis hinc atque illinc vulneribus acceptis,

    on each side, Liv. 32, 10, 12.—So too: hinc... hinc, on this side... on that side, here... there:

    hinc patres, hinc viros orantes,

    Liv. 1, 13, 2; cf.:

    Cassandrea hinc Toronaico, hinc Macedonico saepta mari,

    id. 44, 11, 2; 21, 8, 8: hinc atque hinc vastae rupes geminique minantur In caelum scopuli, i. e. on each side, enthen kai enthen, Verg. A. 1, 162:

    multi impetus hinc atque illinc facti,

    Liv. 3, 5, 1:

    duos corvos hinc et inde infestantes,

    from different directions, Suet. Aug. 96; so,

    hinc et inde,

    id. Caes. 39:

    hinc inde hortantium,

    id. Ner. 27; so,

    hinc inde,

    id. ib. 49; id. Tib. 21:

    hinc inde jacta,

    Plin. Ep. 9, 13, 8; 9, 33, 1.—
    2.
    With reference to the origin or cause of any thing (v. ab and ex), from this source, from this cause, hence; on this account:

    hinc quodcumque in solum venit, ut dicitur, effingis atque efficis,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 23, 65:

    videret hinc (i. e. ex auro) dona fortium fieri,

    Plin. 33, 12, 54, § 153:

    hinc sicae, hinc venena, hinc falsa testamenta nascuntur: hinc furta, hinc opum nimiarum potentiae non ferendae,

    Cic. Off. 3, 8, 36; id. Fl. 23, 54; id. Rosc. Am. 31, 87:

    plurima hinc orta vitia,

    Quint. 8, 6, 74; cf. id. 2, 2, 5:

    ut posset hinc esse metus,

    id. ib. 6 praef. § 10;

    7, 6, 1: hinc enim accidit dubitatio,

    Quint. 1, 1, 32:

    hinc illae lacrimae!

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 99; imitated by Cic. Cael. 25, 61; Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 41; cf.

    ellipt.: hinc illae sollicitationes servorum: hinc illae quaestiones,

    Cic. Clu. 67, 191: Verg. A. 2, 97: sed eccum Syrum ire video! hinc scibo jam, ubi siet (acc. to scire ex aliquo;

    v. scio),

    from him, this person, Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 7:

    hinc canere incipiam,

    Verg. G. 1, 5; Plin. 9, 62, 88, § 186; cf.:

    jam hinc igitur ad rationem sermonis conjuncti transeamus,

    Quint. 8, 3, 40; so,

    jam hinc,

    id. 3, 1, 1; 2, 11, 1; 10, 3, 4:

    hinc jam,

    id. 2, 4, 1; 8 praef. §

    13: atque hinc,

    id. 3, 1, 15.—
    II.
    In time.
    A.
    From this time, after this, hereupon (post-Aug.):

    puerum in specu septem et quinquaginta dormisse annis: hinc pari numero dierum senio ingruente, etc.,

    Plin. 7, 52, 53, § 175; cf. Tac. Agr. 14; Val. Fl. 3, 672:

    circumdata hinc regi specie honoris valida manus,

    Tac. A. 2, 67.—
    B.
    For abhinc, ago, since (very rare):

    me nemo magis respiciet, ubi iste huc venerit, Quam si hinc ducentos annos fuerim mortuus,

    Plaut. Truc. 2, 3, 19:

    septimo hinc anno,

    Plin. 34, 3, 4, § 43.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > hinc

  • 3 ab

    ăb, ā, abs, prep. with abl. This IndoEuropean particle (Sanscr. apa or ava, Etr. av, Gr. upo, Goth. af, Old Germ. aba, New Germ. ab, Engl. of, off) has in Latin the following forms: ap, af, ab (av), au-, a, a; aps, abs, as-. The existence of the oldest form, ap, is proved by the oldest and best MSS. analogous to the prep. apud, the Sanscr. api, and Gr. epi, and by the weakened form af, which, by the rule of historical grammar and the nature of the Latin letter f, can be derived only from ap, not from ab. The form af, weakened from ap, also very soon became obsolete. There are but five examples of it in inscriptions, at the end of the sixth and in the course of the seventh century B. C., viz.:

    AF VOBEIS,

    Inscr. Orell. 3114;

    AF MVRO,

    ib. 6601;

    AF CAPVA,

    ib. 3308;

    AF SOLO,

    ib. 589;

    AF LYCO,

    ib. 3036 ( afuolunt =avolant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Mull., is only a conjecture). In the time of Cicero this form was regarded as archaic, and only here and there used in account-books; v. Cic. Or. 47, 158 (where the correct reading is af, not abs or ab), and cf. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 7 sq.—The second form of this preposition, changed from ap, was ab, which has become the principal form and the one most generally used through all periods—and indeed the only oue used before all vowels and h; here and there also before some consonants, particularly l, n, r, and s; rarely before c, j, d, t; and almost never before the labials p, b, f, v, or before m, such examples as ab Massiliensibus, Caes. B. C. 1, 35, being of the most rare occurrence.—By changing the b of ab through v into u, the form au originated, which was in use only in the two compounds aufero and aufugio for abfero, ab-fugio; aufuisse for afuisse, in Cod. Medic. of Tac. A. 12, 17, is altogether unusual. Finally, by dropping the b of ab, and lengthening the a, ab was changed into a, which form, together with ab, predominated through all periods of the Latin language, and took its place before all consonants in the later years of Cicero, and after him almoet exclusively.—By dropping the b without lengthening the a, ab occurs in the form a- in the two compounds a-bio and a-perio, q. v.—On the other hand, instead of reducing ap to a and a, a strengthened collateral form, aps, was made by adding to ap the letter s (also used in particles, as in ex, mox, vix). From the first, aps was used only before the letters c, q, t, and was very soon changed into abs (as ap into ab):

    abs chorago,

    Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 79 (159 Ritschl):

    abs quivis,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:

    abs terra,

    Cato, R. R. 51;

    and in compounds: aps-cessero,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 24 (625 R.); id. ib. 3, 2, 84 (710 R): abs-condo, abs-que, abs-tineo, etc. The use of abs was confined almost exclusively to the combination abs te during the whole ante-classic period, and with Cicero till about the year 700 A. U. C. (=B. C. 54). After that time Cicero evidently hesitates between abs te and a te, but during the last five or six years of his life a te became predominant in all his writings, even in his letters; consequently abs te appears but rarely in later authors, as in Liv. 10, 19, 8; 26, 15, 12;

    and who, perhaps, also used abs conscendentibus,

    id. 28, 37, 2; v. Drakenb. ad. h. l. (Weissenb. ab).—Finally abs, in consequence of the following p, lost its b, and became ds- in the three compounds aspello, as-porto, and as-pernor (for asspernor); v. these words.—The late Lat. verb abbrevio may stand for adbrevio, the d of ad being assimilated to the following b.The fundamental signification of ab is departure from some fixed point (opp. to ad. which denotes motion to a point).
    I.
    In space, and,
    II.
    Fig., in time and other relations, in which the idea of departure from some point, as from source and origin, is included; Engl. from, away from, out of; down from; since, after; by, at, in, on, etc.
    I.
    Lit., in space: ab classe ad urbem tendunt, Att. ap. Non. 495, 22 (Trag. Rel. p. 177 Rib.):

    Caesar maturat ab urbe proficisci,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

    fuga ab urbe turpissima,

    Cic. Att. 7, 21:

    ducite ab urbe domum, ducite Daphnim,

    Verg. E. 8, 68. Cicero himself gives the difference between ab and ex thus: si qui mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus extra meum fundum et me introire prohibuerit, non ex eo, sed ab ( from, away from) eo loco me dejecerit....Unde dejecti Galli? A Capitolio. Unde, qui cum Graccho fucrunt? Ex Capitolio, etc., Cic. Caecin. 30, 87; cf. Diom. p. 408 P., and a similar distinction between ad and in under ad.—Ellipt.: Diogenes Alexandro roganti, ut diceret, si quid opus esset: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92. —Often joined with usque:

    illam (mulierem) usque a mari supero Romam proficisci,

    all the way from, Cic. Clu. 68, 192; v. usque, I.—And with ad, to denote the space passed over: siderum genus ab ortu ad occasum commeant, from... to, Cic. N. D. 2, 19 init.; cf. ab... in:

    venti a laevo latere in dextrum, ut sol, ambiunt,

    Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.
    b.
    Sometimes with names of cities and small islands, or with domus (instead of the usual abl.), partie., in militnry and nautieal language, to denote the marching of soldiers, the setting out of a flcet, or the departure of the inhabitants from some place:

    oppidum ab Aenea fugiente a Troja conditum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33:

    quemadmodum (Caesar) a Gergovia discederet,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 43 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 80 fin.; Sall. J. 61; 82; 91; Liv. 2, 33, 6 al.; cf.:

    ab Arimino M. Antonium cum cohortibus quinque Arretium mittit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 11 fin.; and:

    protinus a Corfinio in Siciliam miserat,

    id. ib. 1, 25, 2:

    profecti a domo,

    Liv. 40, 33, 2;

    of setting sail: cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brundisio nisi hieme summa transmiserint,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32; so id. Fam. 15, 3, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 23; 3, 24 fin.:

    classe qua advecti ab domo fuerant,

    Liv. 8, 22, 6;

    of citizens: interim ab Roma legatos venisse nuntiatum est,

    Liv. 21, 9, 3; cf.:

    legati ab Orico ad M. Valerium praetorem venerunt,

    id. 24, 40, 2.
    c.
    Sometimes with names of persons or with pronouns: pestem abige a me, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 50 Vahl.):

    Quasi ad adulescentem a patre ex Seleucia veniat,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; cf.:

    libertus a Fuflis cum litteris ad Hermippum venit,

    Cic. Fl. 20, 47:

    Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse,

    id. Att. 7, 24:

    cum a vobis discessero,

    id. Sen. 22:

    multa merces tibi defluat ab Jove Neptunoque,

    Hor. C. 1, 28, 29 al. So often of a person instead of his house, lodging, etc.: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, from the father, i. e. from his house, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:

    so a fratre,

    id. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:

    a Pontio,

    Cic. Att. 5, 3 fin.:

    ab ea,

    Ter. And. 1, 3, 21; and so often: a me, a nobis, a se, etc., from my, our, his house, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 50; Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1 al.
    B.
    Transf., without the idea of motion. To designate separation or distance, with the verbs abesse, distare, etc., and with the particles longe, procul, prope, etc.
    1.
    Of separation:

    ego te afuisse tam diu a nobis dolui,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 2:

    abesse a domo paulisper maluit,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39:

    tum Brutus ab Roma aberat,

    Sall. C. 40, 5:

    absint lacerti ab stabulis,

    Verg. G. 4, 14.—
    2.
    Of distance:

    quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,

    Cic. Caecin. 10, 28; cf.:

    nos in castra properabamus, quae aberant bidui,

    id. Att. 5, 16 fin.; and:

    hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 1:

    terrae ab hujusce terrae, quam nos incolimus, continuatione distantes,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:

    non amplius pedum milibus duobus ab castris castra distabant,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 3; cf. id. lb. 1, 3, 103.—With adverbs: annos multos longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 103 Vahl.):

    cum domus patris a foro longe abesset,

    Cic. Cael. 7, 18 fin.; cf.:

    qui fontes a quibusdam praesidiis aberant longius,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5:

    quae procul erant a conspectu imperii,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87; cf.:

    procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 17, 1; and:

    tu procul a patria Alpinas nives vides,

    Verg. E. 10, 46 (procul often also with simple abl.;

    v. procul): cum esset in Italia bellum tam prope a Sicilia, tamen in Sicilia non fuit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6; cf.:

    tu apud socrum tuam prope a meis aedibus sedebas,

    id. Pis. 11, 26; and:

    tam prope ab domo detineri,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 6.—So in Caesar and Livy, with numerals to designate the measure of the distance:

    onerariae naves, quae ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo vento tenebatur,

    eight miles distant, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 4; and without mentioning the terminus a quo: ad castra contenderunt, et ab milibus passunm minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off or distant, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; so id. ib. 2, 5, 32; 6, 7, 3; id. B. C. 1, 65; Liv. 38, 20, 2 (for which:

    duo milia fere et quingentos passus ab hoste posuerunt castra,

    id. 37, 38, 5). —
    3.
    To denote the side or direction from which an object is viewed in its local relations,=a parte, at, on, in: utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus? Enn. ap. Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (Trag. v. 38 Vahl.); cf.:

    picus et cornix ab laeva, corvos, parra ab dextera consuadent,

    Plaut. As. 2, 1, 12: clamore ab ea parte audito. on this side, Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 4: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, id. ib. 1, 1, 5:

    pleraque Alpium ab Italia sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt,

    on the Italian side, Liv. 21, 35, 11:

    non eadem diligentia ab decumuna porta castra munita,

    at the main entrance, Caes. B. G. 3, 25 fin.:

    erat a septentrionibus collis,

    on the north, id. ib. 7, 83, 2; so, ab oriente, a meridie, ab occasu; a fronte, a latere, a tergo, etc. (v. these words).
    II.
    Fig.
    A.
    In time.
    1.
    From a [p. 3] point of time, without reference to the period subsequently elapsed. After:

    Exul ab octava Marius bibit,

    Juv. 1,40:

    mulieres jam ab re divin[adot ] adparebunt domi,

    immediately after the sucrifice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 4:

    Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

    ab hac contione legati missi sunt,

    immediately after, Liv. 24, 22, 6; cf. id. 28, 33, 1; 40, 47, 8; 40, 49, 1 al.:

    ab eo magistratu,

    after this office, Sall. J. 63, 5:

    a summa spe novissima exspectabat,

    after the greatest hope, Tac. A. 6, 50 fin. —Strengthened by the adverbs primum, confestim, statim, protinus, or the adj. recens, immediately after, soon after:

    ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni,

    Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4; so Suet. Tib. 68:

    confestim a proelio expugnatis hostium castris,

    Liv. 30, 36, 1:

    statim a funere,

    Suet. Caes. 85;

    and followed by statim: ab itinere statim,

    id. ib. 60:

    protinus ab adoptione,

    Vell. 2, 104, 3:

    Homerus qui recens ab illorum actate fuit,

    soon after their time, Cic. N. D. 3, 5; so Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 2; Verg. A. 6, 450 al. (v. also primum, confestim, etc.).—

    Sometimes with the name of a person or place, instead of an action: ibi mihi tuae litterae binae redditae sunt tertio abs te die,

    i. e. after their departure from you, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 1: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine Nov[adot ], i. e. after leaving (=postquam a Carthagine profecti sunt), Liv. 21, 38, 1:

    secundo Punico (bello) Scipionis classis XL. die a securi navigavit,

    i. e. after its having been built, Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192. —Hence the poct. expression: ab his, after this (cf. ek toutôn), i. e. after these words, hereupon, Ov. M. 3, 273; 4, 329; 8, 612; 9, 764.
    2.
    With reference to a subsequent period. From, since, after:

    ab hora tertia bibebatur,

    from the third hour, Cic. Phil. 2, 41:

    infinito ex tempore, non ut antea, ab Sulla et Pompeio consulibus,

    since the consulship of, id. Agr. 2, 21, 56:

    vixit ab omni aeternitate,

    from all eternity, id. Div. 1, 51, 115:

    cum quo a condiscipulatu vivebat conjunctissime,

    Nep. Att. 5, 3:

    in Lycia semper a terrae motu XL. dies serenos esse,

    after an earthquake, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211 al.:

    centesima lux est haec ab interitu P. Clodii,

    since the death of, Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:

    cujus a morte quintus hic et tricesimus annus est,

    id. Sen. 6, 19; and:

    ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumiun annum,

    since, Sall. C. 47, 2:

    diebus triginta, a qua die materia caesa est,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 36.—Sometimes joined with usque and inde:

    quod augures omnes usque ab Romulo decreverunt,

    since the time of, Cic. Vat. 8, 20:

    jam inde ab infelici pugna ceciderant animi,

    from the very beginning of, Liv. 2, 65 fin. —Hence the adverbial expressions ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first; v. initium, principium, primus. Likewise ab integro, anew, afresh; v. integer.—Ab... ad, from (a time)... to:

    ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

    Cic. Att. 7, 8, 4; cf.:

    cum ab hora septima ad vesperum pugnatum sit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 2; and:

    a quo tempore ad vos consules anni sunt septingenti octoginta unus,

    Vell. 1, 8, 4; and so in Plautus strengthened by usque:

    pugnata pugnast usque a mane ad vesperum,

    from morning to evening, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97; id. Most. 3, 1, 3; 3, 2, 80.—Rarely ab... in: Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie, from... till late in the day, Liv. 27, 2, 9; so Col. 2, 10, 17; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 2, 103, 106, § 229; 4, 12, 26, § 89.
    b.
    Particularly with nouns denoting a time of life:

    qui homo cum animo inde ab ineunte aetate depugnat suo,

    from an early age, from early youth, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24; so Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44 al.:

    mihi magna cum co jam inde a pueritia fuit semper famillaritas,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; so,

    a pueritia,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 27 fin.; id. Fam. 5, 8, 4:

    jam inde ab adulescentia,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 16:

    ab adulescentia,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 1:

    jam a prima adulescentia,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 23:

    ab ineunte adulescentia,

    id. ib. 13, 21, 1; cf.

    followed by ad: usque ad hanc aetatem ab incunte adulescentia,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 20:

    a primis temporibus aetatis,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:

    a teneris unguiculis,

    from childhood, id. ib. 1, 6, 2:

    usque a toga pura,

    id. Att. 7, 8, 5:

    jam inde ab incunabulis,

    Liv. 4, 36, 5:

    a prima lanugine,

    Suet. Oth. 12:

    viridi ab aevo,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17 al.;

    rarely of animals: ab infantia,

    Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 182.—Instead of the nom. abstr. very often (like the Greek ek paioôn, etc.) with concrete substantives: a pucro, ab adulescente, a parvis, etc., from childhood, etc.:

    qui olim a puero parvulo mihi paedagogus fuerat,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 90; so,

    a pausillo puero,

    id. Stich. 1, 3, 21:

    a puero,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 115; id. Fam. 13, 16, 4 (twice) al.:

    a pueris,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2 al.:

    ab adulescente,

    id. Quint. 3, 12:

    ab infante,

    Col. 1, 8, 2:

    a parva virgine,

    Cat. 66, 26 al. —Likewise and in the same sense with adject.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, Liv. 1, 39, 6 fin.; cf.:

    a parvis,

    Ter. And. 3, 3, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:

    a parvulo,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 8; id. Ad. 1, 1, 23; cf.:

    ab parvulis,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3:

    ab tenero,

    Col. 5, 6, 20;

    and rarely of animals: (vacca) a bima aut trima fructum ferre incipit,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13.
    B.
    In other relations in which the idea of going forth, proceeding, from something is included.
    1.
    In gen. to denote departure, separation, deterring, avoiding, intermitting, etc., or distance, difference, etc., of inanimate or abstract things. From: jus atque aecum se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):

    suspitionem et culpam ut ab se segregent,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 42:

    qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:

    hic ab artificio suo non recessit,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 20 al.:

    quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

    condicionem quam ab te peto,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 87; cf.:

    mercedem gloriae flagitas ab iis, quorum, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:

    si quid ab illo acceperis,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90:

    quae (i. e. antiquitas) quo propius aberat ab ortu et divina progenie,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

    ab defensione desistere,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 4:

    ne quod tempus ab opere intermitteretur,

    id. B. G. 7, 24, 2:

    ut homines adulescentis a dicendi studio deterream,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117, etc.—Of distance (in order, rank, mind, or feeling):

    qui quartus ab Arcesila fuit,

    the fourth in succession from, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 46:

    tu nunc eris alter ab illo,

    next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49; cf.:

    Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus,

    next in rank to, Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

    quid hoc ab illo differt,

    from, Cic. Caecin. 14, 39; cf.:

    hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum,

    id. Off. 2, 4, 15; and:

    discrepare ab aequitate sapientiam,

    id. Rep. 3, 9 fin. (v. the verbs differo, disto, discrepo, dissideo, dissentio, etc.):

    quae non aliena esse ducerem a dignitate,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7:

    alieno a te animo fuit,

    id. Deiot. 9, 24 (v. alienus). —So the expression ab re (qs. aside from the matter, profit; cf. the opposite, in rem), contrary to one's profit, to a loss, disadvantageous (so in the affirmative very rare and only ante-class.):

    subdole ab re consulit,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12; cf. id. Capt. 2, 2, 88; more frequently and class. (but not with Cicero) in the negative, non, haud, ab re, not without advantage or profit, not useless or unprofitable, adcantageous:

    haut est ab re aucupis,

    Plaut. As. 1, 3, 71:

    non ab re esse Quinctii visum est,

    Liv. 35, 32, 6; so Plin. 27, 8, 35; 31, 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Dom. 11; Gell. 18, 14 fin.; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 31, 22 al. (but in Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 44, ab re means with respect to the money matter).
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    To denote an agent from whom an action proceeds, or by whom a thing is done or takes place. By, and in archaic and solemn style, of. So most frequently with pass. or intrans. verbs with pass. signif., when the active object is or is considered as a living being: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro, Naev. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67: injuria abs te afficior, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:

    a patre deductus ad Scaevolam,

    Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

    ut tamquam a praesentibus coram haberi sermo videretur,

    id. ib. 1, 3:

    disputata ab eo,

    id. ib. 1, 4 al.:

    illa (i. e. numerorum ac vocum vis) maxime a Graecia vetere celebrata,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ita generati a natura sumus,

    id. Off. 1, 29, 103; cf.:

    pars mundi damnata a rerum natura,

    Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 88:

    niagna adhibita cura est a providentia deorum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 51 al. —With intrans. verbs:

    quae (i. e. anima) calescit ab eo spiritu,

    is warmed by this breath, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138; cf. Ov. M. 1, 417: (mare) qua a sole collucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105:

    salvebis a meo Cicerone,

    i. e. young Cicero sends his compliments to you, id. Att. 6, 2 fin.:

    a quibus (Atheniensibus) erat profectus,

    i. e. by whose command, Nep. Milt. 2, 3:

    ne vir ab hoste cadat,

    Ov. H. 9, 36 al. —A substantive or adjective often takes the place of the verb (so with de, q. v.):

    levior est plaga ab amico quam a debitore,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7; cf.:

    a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus,

    id. Off. 2, 6, 19:

    si calor est a sole,

    id. N. D. 2, 52:

    ex iis a te verbis (for a te scriptis),

    id. Att. 16, 7, 5:

    metu poenae a Romanis,

    Liv. 32, 23, 9:

    bellum ingens a Volscis et Aequis,

    id. 3, 22, 2:

    ad exsolvendam fldem a consule,

    id. 27, 5, 6.—With an adj.:

    lassus ab equo indomito,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 10:

    Murus ab ingenic notior ille tuo,

    Prop. 5, 1, 126:

    tempus a nostris triste malis,

    time made sad by our misfortunes, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 36.—Different from per:

    vulgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus?

    by whom and upon whose orders? Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 80 (cf. id. ib. 34, 97: cujus consilio occisus sit, invenio; cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro); so,

    ab hoc destitutus per Thrasybulum (i. e. Thrasybulo auctore),

    Nep. Alc. 5, 4.—Ambiguity sometimes arises from the fact that the verb in the pass. would require ab if used in the active:

    si postulatur a populo,

    if the people demand it, Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58, might also mean, if it is required of the people; on the contrary: quod ab eo (Lucullo) laus imperatoria non admodum exspectabatur, not since he did not expect military renown, but since they did not expect military renown from him, Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2, and so often; cf. Rudd. II. p. 213. (The use of the active dative, or dative of the agent, instead of ab with the pass., is well known, Zumpt, § 419. It is very seldom found in prose writers of the golden age of Roman liter.; with Cic. sometimes joined with the participles auditus, cognitus, constitutus, perspectus, provisus, susceptus; cf. Halm ad Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71, and ad ejusdem, Cat. 1, 7 fin.; but freq. at a later period; e. g. in Pliny, in Books 2-4 of H. N., more than twenty times; and likewise in Tacitus seventeen times. Vid. the passages in Nipperd. ad Tac. A. 2, 49.) Far more unusual is the simple abl. in the designation of persons:

    deseror conjuge,

    Ov. H. 12, 161; so id. ib. 5, 75; id. M. 1, 747; Verg. A. 1, 274; Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; 1, 6, 2;

    and in prose,

    Quint. 3, 4, 2; Sen. Contr. 2, 1; Curt. 6, 7, 8; cf. Rudd. II. p. 212; Zumpt ad Quint. V. p. 122 Spalding.—Hence the adverbial phrase a se=uph heautou, sua sponte, of one's own uccord, spontaneously:

    ipsum a se oritur et sua sponte nascitur,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 78:

    (urna) ab se cantat quoja sit,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 21 (al. eapse; cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 66); so Col. 11, 1, 5; Liv. 44, 33, 6.
    b.
    With names of towns to denote origin, extraction, instead of gentile adjectives. From, of:

    pastores a Pergamide,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 1:

    Turnus ab Aricia,

    Liv. 1, 50, 3 (for which Aricinus, id. 1, 51, 1):

    obsides dant trecentos principum a Cora atque Pometia liberos,

    Liv. 2, 22, 2; and poet.: O longa mundi servator ab Alba, Auguste, thou who art descended from the old Alban race of kings (=oriundus, or ortus regibus Albanis), Prop. 5, 6, 37.
    c.
    In giving the etymology of a name: eam rem (sc. legem, Gr. nomon) illi Graeco putant nomine a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam, ego nostro a legendo, Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19: annum intervallum regni fuit: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, Liv. 1, 17, 6:

    (sinus maris) ab nomine propinquae urbis Ambracius appellatus,

    id. 38, 4, 3; and so Varro in his Ling. Lat., and Pliny, in Books 1-5 of H. N., on almost every page. (Cf. also the arts. ex and de.)
    d.
    With verbs of beginning and repeating: a summo bibere, in Plaut. to drink in succession from the one at the head of the table:

    da, puere, ab summo,

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; so,

    da ab Delphio cantharum circum, id Most. 1, 4, 33: ab eo nobis causa ordienda est potissimum,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 21:

    coepere a fame mala,

    Liv. 4, 12, 7:

    cornicem a cauda de ovo exire,

    tail-foremost, Plin. 10, 16, 18:

    a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18 al.
    e.
    With verbs of freeing from, defending, or protecting against any thing:

    a foliis et stercore purgato,

    Cato, R. R. 65 (66), 1:

    tantumne ab re tuast oti tibi?

    Ter. Heaut. 1, [p. 4] 1, 23; cf.:

    Saguntini ut a proeliis quietem habuerant,

    Liv. 21, 11, 5:

    expiandum forum ab illis nefarii sceleris vestigiis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:

    haec provincia non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis est defendenda,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14 (v. defendo):

    ab incendio urbem vigiliis munitam intellegebat,

    Sall. C. 32:

    ut neque sustinere se a lapsu possent,

    Liv. 21, 35, 12:

    ut meam domum metueret atque a me ipso caveret,

    Cic. Sest. 64, 133.
    f.
    With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping, and the like, ab =a parte, as, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4: cum eadem metuam ab hac parte, since I fear the same from this side; hence, timere, metuere ab aliquo, not, to be afraid of any one, but, to fear something (proceeding from) from him:

    el metul a Chryside,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 79; cf.:

    ab Hannibale metuens,

    Liv. 23, 36; and:

    metus a praetore,

    id. 23, 15, 7;

    v. Weissenb. ad h. l.: a quo quidem genere, judices, ego numquam timui,

    Cic. Sull. 20, 59:

    postquam nec ab Romanis robis ulla est spes,

    you can expect nothing from the Romans, Liv. 21, 13, 4.
    g.
    With verbs of fastening and holding:

    funiculus a puppi religatus,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:

    cum sinistra capillum ejus a vertice teneret,

    Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 3.
    h.
    Ulcisci se ab aliquo, to take vengeance on one:

    a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur,

    Plin. 34, 14, 41 fin.
    i.
    Cognoscere ab aliqua re to knoio or learn by means of something (different from ab aliquo, to learn from some one):

    id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 22.
    j.
    Dolere, laborare, valere ab, instead of the simple abl.:

    doleo ab animo, doleo ab oculis, doleo ab aegritudine,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 62:

    a morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,

    id. Ep. 1, 2, 26; cf. id. Aul. 2, 2, 9:

    a frigore et aestu ne quid laborent,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17; so,

    a frigore laborantibus,

    Plin. 32, 10, 46, § 133; cf.:

    laborare ab re frumentaria,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1; id. B. C. 3, 9; v. laboro.
    k.
    Where verbs and adjectives are joined with ab, instead of the simple abl., ab defines more exactly the respect in which that which is expressed by the verb or adj. is to be understood, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of:

    ab ingenio improbus,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:

    a me pudica'st,

    id. Curc. 1, 1, 51:

    orba ab optimatibus contio,

    Cic. Fl. 23, 54; ro Ov. H. 6,156: securos vos ab hac parte reddemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24 fin. (v. securus):

    locus copiosus a frumento,

    Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; cf.:

    sumus imparati cum a militibas tum a pecunia,

    id. ib. 7, 15 fin.:

    ille Graecus ab omni laude felicior,

    id. Brut. 16, 63:

    ab una parte haud satis prosperuin,

    Liv. 1, 32, 2 al.;

    so often in poets ab arte=arte,

    artfully, Tib. 1, 5, 4; 1, 9, 66; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 30.
    l.
    In the statement of the motive instead of ex, propter, or the simple abl. causae, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: ab singulari amore scribo, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B fin.:

    linguam ab irrisu exserentem,

    thrusting out the tongue in derision, Liv. 7, 10, 5:

    ab honore,

    id. 1, 8; so, ab ira, a spe, ab odio, v. Drak. ad Liv. 24, 30, 1: 26, 1, 3; cf. also Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 31, 3, and Fabri ad Liv. 21, 36, 7.
    m.
    Especially in the poets instead of the gen.:

    ab illo injuria,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 129:

    fulgor ab auro,

    Lucr. 2, 5:

    dulces a fontibus undae,

    Verg. G. 2, 243.
    n.
    In indicating a part of the whole, for the more usual ex, of, out of:

    scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

    nonnuill ab novissimis,

    id. ib.; Cic. Sest. 65, 137; cf. id. ib. 59 fin.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).
    o.
    In marking that from which any thing proceeds, and to which it belongs:

    qui sunt ab ea disciplina,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 7:

    ab eo qui sunt,

    id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:

    nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt,

    id. Mur. 30, 63 (in imitation of oi upo tinos).
    p.
    To designate an office or dignity (with or without servus; so not freq. till after the Aug. period;

    in Cic. only once): Pollex, servus a pedibus meus,

    one of my couriers, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1; so,

    a manu servus,

    a secretary, Suet. Caes. 74: Narcissum ab eplstulis ( secretary) et Pallantem a rationibus ( accountant), id. Claud. 28; and so, ab actis, ab admissione, ab aegris, ab apotheca, ab argento, a balneis, a bibliotheca, a codicillis, a jumentis, a potione, etc. (v. these words and Inscr. Orell. vol. 3, Ind. xi. p. 181 sq.).
    q.
    The use of ab before adverbs is for the most part peculiar to later Latinity:

    a peregre,

    Vitr. 5, 7 (6), 8:

    a foris,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37; Vulg. Gen, 7, 16; ib. Matt. 23, 27:

    ab intus,

    ib. ib. 7, 15:

    ab invicem,

    App. Herb. 112; Vulg. Matt. 25, 32; Cypr. Ep. 63, 9: Hier. Ep. 18:

    a longe,

    Hyg. Fab. 257; Vulg. Gen. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 58:

    a modo,

    ib. ib. 23, 39;

    Hier. Vit. Hilar.: a nune,

    Vulg. Luc. 1, 48:

    a sursum,

    ib. Marc. 15, 38.
    ► a.
    Ab is not repeated like most other prepositions (v. ad, ex, in, etc.) with pron. interrog. or relat. after subst. and pron. demonstr. with ab:

    Arsinoen, Stratum, Naupactum...fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc.,

    Cic. Pis. 37, 91:

    a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit. Quibus? An iis, quae in juventute geruntur et viribus?

    id. Sen. 6:

    a Jove incipiendum putat. Quo Jove?

    id. Rep. 1, 36, 56:

    res publica, quascumque vires habebit, ab iis ipsis, quibus tenetur, de te propediem impetrabit,

    id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.—
    b.
    Ab in Plantus is once put after the word which it governs: quo ab, As. 1, 1, 106.—
    c.
    It is in various ways separated from the word which it governs:

    a vitae periculo,

    Cic. Brut. 91, 313:

    a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo,

    id. Arch. 6, 12:

    a minus bono,

    Sall. C. 2, 6:

    a satis miti principio,

    Liv. 1, 6, 4:

    damnis dives ab ipsa suis,

    Ov. H. 9, 96; so id. ib. 12, 18; 13, 116.—
    d.
    The poets join a and que, making aque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.):

    aque Chao,

    Verg. G. 4, 347:

    aque mero,

    Ov. M. 3, 631:

    aque viro,

    id. H. 6, 156:

    aque suis,

    id. Tr. 5, 2, 74 al. But:

    a meque,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:

    abs teque,

    id. Att. 3, 15, 4:

    a teque,

    id. ib. 8, 11, §

    7: a primaque adulescentia,

    id. Brut. 91, 315 al. —
    e.
    A Greek noun joined with ab stands in the dat.: a parte negotiati, hoc est pragmatikê, removisse, Quint. 3, 7, 1.
    III.
    In composition ab,
    1.
    Retains its original signif.: abducere, to take or carry away from some place: abstrahere, to draw auay; also, downward: abicere, to throw down; and denoting a departure from the idea of the simple word, it has an effect apparently privative: absimilis, departing from the similar, unlike: abnormis, departing from the rule, unusual (different from dissimilis, enormis); and so also in amens=a mente remotus, alienus ( out of one's senses, without self-control, insane): absurdus, missounding, then incongruous, irrational: abutor (in one of its senses), to misuse: aborior, abortus, to miscarry: abludo; for the privative force the Latin regularly employs in-, v. 2. in.—
    2.
    It more rarely designates completeness, as in absorbere, abutor ( to use up). (The designation of the fourth generation in the ascending or descending line by ab belongs here only in appearance; as abavus for quartus pater, great-great-grandfather, although the Greeks introduced upopappos; for the immutability of the syllable ab in abpatrnus and abmatertera, as well as the signif. Of the word abavus, grandfather's grandfather, imitated in abnepos, grandchild's grandchild, seems to point to a derivation from avi avus, as Festus, p. 13 Mull., explains atavus, by atta avi, or, rather, attae avus.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ab

  • 4 unde

        unde adv.    [for * cunde; 2 CA-].    I. Of place. — Relat., from which place, whence: nec enim inde venit, unde mallem: ut eo restituerentur (Galli), unde deiecti essent: eodem, unde erant profectae (naves), Cs.: loca superiora, unde erat propinquus despectus in mare, Cs.: arbor, unde auri aura refulsit, V.: e maioribus castris, unde antea cessatum fuerat, circumductae copiae, i. e. from the place at which, etc., L.— Interrog, whence? from what place?: unde deiectus est Cinna? ex urbe... unde deiecti Galli? a Capitolio: Unde is? T.: Qui genus? unde domo? from what country? V.: ego instare, ut mihi responderet, quis esset, ubi esset, unde esset: quaere unde domo (sit), i. e. where he lives, H.: unde initium belli fieret, explorabant, Cs.—    II. Of source or cause.— Relat., from the point at which, from whom, from which: e praedonibus, Unde emerat, T.: qui eum necasset, unde ipse natus esset, whose son: hem, mea lux, unde omnes opem petere solebant: hi, unde ne hostium quidem legati arcentur, pulsi, L.: Est unde haec fiant, i. e. I have the means to do this, T.: quod, unde agger omnino comportari posset, nihil erat reliquum, Cs.: unde ius stabat, ei victoriam dedit, to the side which was in the right, L.— Esp., in law, in the phrase, unde petitur, he of whom demand is made, the defendant: causam dicere Prius unde petitur (opp. qui petit), T.: ego omnibus, unde petitur, hoc consili dederim.— Interrog, whence? how? from what source?: unde iste amor tam improvisus: Unde sed hos novi? O.: ut ex ipsā quaeras, unde hunc (anulum) habuerit, T.: quaerere, unde se ac suos tueri possit, by what means, L.: Unde sit infamis... Discite, O.—Indef., in the phrase, unde unde, whencesoever, from one source or another: Qui nisi... Mercedem aut nummos unde unde extricat, etc., H.
    * * *
    from where, whence, from what or which place; from which; from whom

    Latin-English dictionary > unde

  • 5 Origo

    1.
    ŏrīgo, ĭnis, f. [orior], earliest beginning, commencement, source, descent, lineage, birth, origin (class.; syn. ortus).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    originem rerum quaerere,

    Cic. Univ. 3:

    origo tyranni,

    id. Rep. 2, 29, 51:

    principii nulla est origo: nam e principio oriuntur omnia,

    id. ib. 6, 25, 27:

    nullius autem rei causā remotā reperiri origo potest,

    id. Univ. 2, 3:

    rerum genitalis,

    Lucr. 5, 176:

    ab origine gentem (corripiunt morbi),

    Verg. G. 3, 473:

    summi boni,

    Cic. Fin 2, 10, 31:

    omnium virtutum,

    id. ib. 4, 7, 17:

    fontium qui celat origines Nilus,

    source, Hor. C. 4, 14, 45:

    auctore ab aliquo ducere originem,

    to derive one's origin from, to descend from, id. ib. 3, 17, 5:

    mentis causa malae est origo penes te,

    Juv. 14, 226:

    accipere,

    to take its origin, originate, Quint. 5, 11, 19:

    ducere ex Hispaniā,

    to be of Spanish derivation, id. 1, 5, 57: deducere ab aliquo, to derive one's origin from, descend from, Plin. [p. 1279] 6, 20, 23, §

    76: ab aliquo habere,

    to draw one's origin from, descend from, id. 15, 14, 15, § 49:

    trahere,

    id. 5, 24, 21, § 86:

    PATRONVS AB ORIGINE,

    i. e. from his ancestors, Inscr. Fabr. p. 101, n. 232.—
    B.
    In partic.:

    Origines,

    the title of a work by Cato upon the early history of the Italian cities, Nep. Cat. 3, 3:

    quod (M. Cato) in principio scripsit Originum suarum,

    Cic. Planc. 27, 66; id. Sen. 11, 38.—Hence, in allusion to this title: quam ob rem, ut ille solebat, ita nunc mea repetet oratio populi origines;

    libenter enim etiam verbo utor Catonis,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 3.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    A race, stock, family, Ov. M. 1, 186:

    ille tamen nostrā deducit origine nomen,

    Verg. A. 10, 618:

    Vitelliorum originem alii aliam tradunt: partim veterem et nobilem, partim vero novam et obscuram, atque etiam sordidam,

    Suet. Vit. 1.—Of animals, Verg. G. 3, 473. —
    B.
    Of persons, an ancestor, progenitor, founder:

    Aeneas, Romanae stirpis origo,

    Verg. A. 12, 166:

    celebrant carminibus antiquis Tuisconem deum terrā editum, et filium Mannum, originem gentis conditoresque,

    Tac. G. 2:

    hujus origo Ilus,

    Ov. M. 11, 755:

    mundi melioris origo,

    the creator, id. ib. 1, 79; cf. Stat. Th. 1, 680:

    eaeque (urbes) brevi multum auctae, pars originibus suis praesidio, aliae decori fuere,

    their mother-cities, Sall. J. 19, 1; so Liv. 26, 13; 38, 39; also in sing., id. 37, 37; Inst. 23, 1.
    2.
    Ŏrīgo, ĭnis, f., a female proper name, Hor. S. 1, 2, 55.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Origo

  • 6 origo

    1.
    ŏrīgo, ĭnis, f. [orior], earliest beginning, commencement, source, descent, lineage, birth, origin (class.; syn. ortus).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    originem rerum quaerere,

    Cic. Univ. 3:

    origo tyranni,

    id. Rep. 2, 29, 51:

    principii nulla est origo: nam e principio oriuntur omnia,

    id. ib. 6, 25, 27:

    nullius autem rei causā remotā reperiri origo potest,

    id. Univ. 2, 3:

    rerum genitalis,

    Lucr. 5, 176:

    ab origine gentem (corripiunt morbi),

    Verg. G. 3, 473:

    summi boni,

    Cic. Fin 2, 10, 31:

    omnium virtutum,

    id. ib. 4, 7, 17:

    fontium qui celat origines Nilus,

    source, Hor. C. 4, 14, 45:

    auctore ab aliquo ducere originem,

    to derive one's origin from, to descend from, id. ib. 3, 17, 5:

    mentis causa malae est origo penes te,

    Juv. 14, 226:

    accipere,

    to take its origin, originate, Quint. 5, 11, 19:

    ducere ex Hispaniā,

    to be of Spanish derivation, id. 1, 5, 57: deducere ab aliquo, to derive one's origin from, descend from, Plin. [p. 1279] 6, 20, 23, §

    76: ab aliquo habere,

    to draw one's origin from, descend from, id. 15, 14, 15, § 49:

    trahere,

    id. 5, 24, 21, § 86:

    PATRONVS AB ORIGINE,

    i. e. from his ancestors, Inscr. Fabr. p. 101, n. 232.—
    B.
    In partic.:

    Origines,

    the title of a work by Cato upon the early history of the Italian cities, Nep. Cat. 3, 3:

    quod (M. Cato) in principio scripsit Originum suarum,

    Cic. Planc. 27, 66; id. Sen. 11, 38.—Hence, in allusion to this title: quam ob rem, ut ille solebat, ita nunc mea repetet oratio populi origines;

    libenter enim etiam verbo utor Catonis,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 3.—
    II.
    Transf.
    A.
    A race, stock, family, Ov. M. 1, 186:

    ille tamen nostrā deducit origine nomen,

    Verg. A. 10, 618:

    Vitelliorum originem alii aliam tradunt: partim veterem et nobilem, partim vero novam et obscuram, atque etiam sordidam,

    Suet. Vit. 1.—Of animals, Verg. G. 3, 473. —
    B.
    Of persons, an ancestor, progenitor, founder:

    Aeneas, Romanae stirpis origo,

    Verg. A. 12, 166:

    celebrant carminibus antiquis Tuisconem deum terrā editum, et filium Mannum, originem gentis conditoresque,

    Tac. G. 2:

    hujus origo Ilus,

    Ov. M. 11, 755:

    mundi melioris origo,

    the creator, id. ib. 1, 79; cf. Stat. Th. 1, 680:

    eaeque (urbes) brevi multum auctae, pars originibus suis praesidio, aliae decori fuere,

    their mother-cities, Sall. J. 19, 1; so Liv. 26, 13; 38, 39; also in sing., id. 37, 37; Inst. 23, 1.
    2.
    Ŏrīgo, ĭnis, f., a female proper name, Hor. S. 1, 2, 55.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > origo

  • 7 ā

       ā    (before consonants), ab (before vowels, h, and some consonants, esp. l, n, r, s), abs (usu. only before t and q, esp. freq. before the pron. te), old af, praep. with abl., denoting separation or departure (opp. ad).    I. Lit., in space, from, away from, out of.    A. With motion: ab urbe proficisci, Cs.: a supero mari Flaminia (est via), leads: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun: usque a mari supero Romam proficisci, all the way from; with names of cities and small islands, or with domo, home (for the simple abl; of motion, away from, not out of, a place); hence, of raising a siege, of the march of soldiers, the setting out of a fleet, etc.: oppidum ab Aeneā fugiente a Troiā conditum: ab Alesiā, Cs.: profectus ab Orico cum classe, Cs.; with names of persons or with pronouns: cum a vobis discessero: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, i. e. from his house, T.; (praegn.): a rege munera repudiare, from, sent by, N.—    B. Without motion.    1. Of separation or distance: abesse a domo paulisper maluit: tum Brutus ab Romā aberat, S.: hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat, Cs.: a foro longe abesse: procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt, Cs.: cum esset bellum tam prope a Siciliā; so with numerals to express distance: ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo, eight miles distant, Cs.: ab milibus passuum minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off, Cs.; so rarely with substantives: quod tanta machinatio ab tanto spatio instrueretur, so far away, Cs.—    2. To denote a side or direction, etc., at, on, in: ab sinistrā parte nudatis castris, on the left, Cs.: ab eā parte, quā, etc., on that side, S.: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, Cs.: ab decumanā portā castra munita, at the main entrance, Cs.: crepuit hinc a Glycerio ostium, of the house of G., T.: (cornua) ab labris argento circumcludunt, on the edges, Cs.; hence, a fronte, in the van; a latere, on the flank; a tergo, in the rear, behind; a dextro cornu, on the right wing; a medio spatio, half way.—    II. Fig.    A. Of time.    1. Of a point of time, after: Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus, immediately after, Cs.: ab eo magistratu, after this office, S.: recens a volnere Dido, fresh from her wound, V.: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine, i. e. after leaving, L.: ab his, i. e. after these words, hereupon, O.: ab simili <*>ade domo profugus, i. e. after and in consequence of, L.—    2. Of a period of time, from, since, after: ab hora tertiā bibebatur, from the third hour: ab Sullā et Pompeio consulibus, since the consulship of: ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumum annum, since, S.: augures omnes usque ab Romulo, since the time of: iam inde ab infelici pugnā ceciderant animi, from (and in consequence of), L.; hence, ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first: ab integro, anew, afresh: ab... ad, from (a time)... to: cum ab horā septimā ad vesperum pugnatum sit, Cs.; with nouns or adjectives denoting a time of life: iam inde a pueritiā, T.: a pueritiā: a pueris: iam inde ab incunabulis, L.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, L.: ab parvulis, Cs.—    B. In other relations.    1. To denote separation, deterring, intermitting, distinction, difference, etc., from: quo discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem: propius abesse ab ortu: alter ab illo, next after him, V.: Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus, next in rank to, H.: impotentia animi a temperantiā dissidens: alieno a te animo fuit, estranged; so with adjj. denoting free, strange, pure, etc.: res familiaris casta a cruore civili: purum ab humano cultu solum, L.: (opoidum) vacuum ab defensoribus, Cs.: alqm pudicum servare ab omni facto, etc., II.; with substt.: impunitas ab iudicio: ab armis quies dabatur, L.; or verbs: haec a custodiis loca vacabant, Cs.—    2. To denote the agent, by: qui (Mars) saepe spoliantem iam evertit et perculit ab abiecto, by the agency of: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro: si quid ei a Caesare gravius accidisset, at Caesar's hands, Cs.: vetus umor ab igne percaluit solis, under, O.: a populo P. imperia perferre, Cs.: equo lassus ab indomito, H.: volgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus? by whose hands and upon whose orders? factus ab arte decor, artificial, O.: destitutus ab spe, L.; (for the sake of the metre): correptus ab ignibus, O.; (poet. with abl. of means or instr.): intumuit venter ab undā, O.—Ab with abl. of agent for the dat., to avoid ambiguity, or for emphasis: quibus (civibus) est a vobis consulendum: te a me nostrae consuetudinis monendum esse puto.—    3. To denote source, origin, extraction, from, of: Turnus ab Ariciā, L.: si ego me a M. Tullio esse dicerem: oriundi ab Sabinis, L.: dulces a fontibus undae, V.—With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping (cf. a parte), from, on the part of: a quo quidem genere, iudices, ego numquam timui: nec ab Romanis vobis ulla est spes, you can expect nothing from the Romans, L.; (ellipt.): haec a servorum bello pericula, threatened by: quem metus a praetore Romano stimulabat, fear of what the praetor might do, L.—With verbs of paying, etc., solvere, persolvere, dare (pecuniam) ab aliquo, to pay through, by a draft on, etc.: se praetor dedit, a quaestore numeravit, quaestor a mensā publicā, by an order on the quaestor: ei legat pecuniam a filio, to be paid by his son: scribe decem (milia) a Nerio, pay by a draft on Nerius, H.; cognoscere ab aliquā re, to know or learn by means of something (but ab aliquo, from some one): id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse, Cs.; in giving an etymology: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, L.—Rarely with verbs of beginning and repeating: coepere a fame mala, L.: a se suisque orsus, Ta.—    4. With verbs of freeing from, defending, protecting, from, against: ut a proeliis quietem habuerant, L.: provincia a calamitate est defendenda: sustinere se a lapsu, L.—    5. With verbs and adjectives, to define the respect in which, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of: orba ab optimatibus contio: mons vastus ab naturā et humano cultu, S.: ne ab re sint omissiores, too neglectful of money or property, T.: posse a facundiā, in the matter of eloquence, T.; cf. with laborare, for the simple abl, in, for want of: laborare ab re frumentariā, Cs.—    6. In stating a motive, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: patres ab honore appellati, L.: inops tum urbs ab longinquā obsidione, L.—    7. Indicating a part of the whole, of, out of: scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto, Cs.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).—    8. Marking that to which anything belongs: qui sunt ab eā disciplinā: nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt.—    9. Of a side or party: vide ne hoc totum sit a me, makes for my view: vir ab innocentiā clementissimus, in favor of.—10. In late prose, of an office: ab epistulis, a secretary, Ta. Note. Ab is not repeated with a following pron interrog. or relat.: Arsinoën, Stratum, Naupactum... fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc. It is often separated from the word which it governs: a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo: a minus bono, S.: a satis miti principio, L.—The poets join a and que, making āque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.): aque Chao, V.: aque mero, O.—In composition, ab- stands before vowels, and h, b, d, i consonant, l, n, r, s; abs- before c, q, t; b is dropped, leaving as- before p; ā- is found in āfuī, āfore ( inf fut. of absum); and au- in auferō, aufugiō.
    * * *
    I
    Ah!; (distress/regret/pity, appeal/entreaty, surprise/joy, objection/contempt)
    II
    by (agent), from (departure, cause, remote origin/time); after (reference)
    III
    ante, abb. a.

    in calendar expression a. d. = ante diem -- before the day

    Latin-English dictionary > ā

  • 8 Ferentina Aqua

    Fĕrentīna Aqua, a small river in the neighborhood of Alba Longa, near the modern Marino, at the source of which there was a grove sacred to the deity Ferentina (perh. the same as Diana);

    here the Latini used to hold their general assemblies: ad caput aquae Ferentinae,

    Liv. 1, 51, 9; for which: ad caput Ferentinae, Cinc. ap. Fest. p. 241, 12 Müll. N. cr.; and:

    ad caput Ferentinum,

    Liv. 2, 38; cf.:

    ut ad lucum Ferentinae conveniant,

    id. 1, 50; so id. 1, 52, 5; 7, 25, 5. (This place is different from Ferentinum, the city of the Hernici; see the foll. art.).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Ferentina Aqua

  • 9 materia

    mātĕrĭa, ae ( gen. materiāi, Lucr. 1, 1051), and mātĕrĭes, ēi (only in nom. and acc. sing., and once gen. plur. materierum, Lact. 2, 12, 1; v. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 383), f. [from same root with mater, q. v.], stuff, matter, materials of which any thing is composed; so the wood of a tree, vine, etc., timber for building (opp. lignum, wood for fuel); nutritive matter or substance for food (class.).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    materia rerum, ex qua et in qua sunt omnia,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 39, 92; cf. id. Ac. 1, 6, 7:

    materiam superabat opus,

    Ov. M. 2, 5:

    materiae apparatio,

    Vitr. 2, 8, 7:

    rudis,

    i. e. chaos, Luc. 2, 8; cf.: omnis fere materia nondum formata rudis appellatur, Cinc. ap. Paul. ex Fest. p. 265 Müll.:

    (arbor) inter corticem et materiem,

    Col. 5, 11, 4:

    crispa,

    Plin. 16, 28, 51, § 119:

    materiae longitudo,

    Col. 4, 24, 3:

    vitis in materiam, frondemque effunditur,

    id. 4, 21, 2:

    si nihil valet materies,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 21, 88:

    in eam insulam materiam, calcem, caementa, atque arma convexit,

    id. Mil. 27, 74:

    caesa,

    Col. 11, 2, 11; cf. Caes. B. G. 4, 17; 5, 39:

    cornus non potest videri materies propter exilitatem, sed lignum,

    Plin. 16, 40, 76, § 206:

    materiae, lignorum aggestus,

    Tac. A. 1, 35:

    videndum est ut materies suppetat scutariis,

    Plaut. Ep. 1, 1, 35:

    proba materies est, si probum adhibes fabrum,

    id. Poen. 4, 2, 93: imprimebatur sculptura materiae anuli, sive ex ferro sive ex auro foret, Macr. S. 7, 13, 11. — Plur.:

    deūm imagines mortalibus materiis in species hominum effingere,

    Tac. H. 5, 5.—Of food:

    imbecillissimam materiam esse omnem caulem oleris,

    Cels. 2, 18, 39 sqq.; cf. of the means of subsistence:

    consumere omnem materiam,

    Ov. M. 8, 876; matter, in gen.:

    materies aliqua mala erat,

    Aug. Conf. 7, 5, 2.—In abstract, matter, the material universe:

    Deus ex materia ortus est, aut materia ex Deo,

    Lact. 2, 8.—
    B.
    Esp., matter of suppuration, pus, Cels. 3, 27, 4.—
    II.
    Transf., a stock, race, breed:

    quod ex vetere materia nascitur, plerumque congeneratum parentis senium refert,

    Col. 7, 3, 15:

    generosa (equorum),

    id. 6, 27 init. —
    III.
    Trop.
    A.
    The matter, subjectmatter, subject, topic, ground, theme of any exertion of the mental powers, as of an art or science, an oration, etc.: materiam artis eam dicimus in qua omnis ars et facultas, quae conficitur ex arte, versatur. Ut si medicinae materiam dicamus morbos ac vulnera, quod in his omnis medicina versetur;

    item quibus in rebus versatur ars et facultas oratoria, eas res materiam artis rhetoricae nominamus,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 5, 17:

    quasi materia, quam tractet, et in qua versetur, subjecta est veritas,

    id. Off. 1, 5, 16:

    est enim deformitatis et corporis vitiorum satis bella materies ad jocandum,

    id. de Or. 2, 59, 239; 1, 11, 49; id. Rosc. Com. 32, 89; id. Div. 2, 4, 12:

    sermonum,

    id. Q. Fr 1, 2, 1: materies crescit mihi, my matter (for writing about) increases, id. Att. 2, 12, 3: rei. id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1:

    aequa viribus,

    a subject suited to your powers, Hor. A. P. 38:

    infames,

    Gell. 17, 12, 1:

    extra materiam juris,

    the province, Gai. Inst. 2, 191.—
    B.
    A cause, occasion, source, opportunity (cf. mater, II.):

    quid enim odisset Clodium Milo segetem ac materiam suae gloriae?

    Cic. Mil. 13, 35 (for which shortly before:

    fons perennis gloriae suae): materies ingentis decoris,

    Liv. 1, 39, 3:

    non praebiturum se illi eo die materiam,

    id. 3, 46, 3:

    major orationis,

    id. 35, 12, 10:

    criminandi,

    id. 3, 31, 4:

    omnium malorum,

    Sall. C. 10:

    materiam invidiae dare,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 9, 21:

    materiam bonitati dare,

    id. de Or. 2, 84, 342:

    scelerum,

    Just. 3, 2, 12:

    seditionis,

    id. 11, 5, 3:

    laudis,

    Luc. 8, 16:

    benefaciendi,

    Plin. Pan. 38:

    ne quid materiae praeberet Neroni,

    occasion of jealousy, Suet. Galb. 9:

    epistolae, quae materiam sermonibus praebuere,

    Tac. H. 4, 4:

    praebere materiam causasque jocorum,

    Juv. 3, 147:

    materiamque sibi ducis indulgentia quaerit,

    id. 7, 21.—
    C.
    Natural abilities, talents, genius, disposition:

    fac, fuisse in isto C. Laelii, M. Catonis materiem atque indolem,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 68, § 160:

    in animis humanis,

    id. Inv. 1, 2, 2:

    materiam ingentis publice privatimade decoris omni indulgentia nostra nutriamus,

    Liv. 1, 39, 3:

    ad cupiditatem,

    id. 1, 46; Quint. 2, 4, 7.—Hence, one's nature, natural character:

    non sum materia digna perire tua,

    thy unfeeling disposition, Ov. H. 4, 86.—
    D.
    A subject, argument, course of thought, topic (post-Aug.):

    tertium diem esse, quod omni labore materiae ad scribendum destinatae non inveniret exordium,

    Quint. 10, 3, 14:

    argumentum plura significat... omnem ad scribendum destinatam materiam ita appellari,

    id. 5, 10, 9:

    video non futurum finem in ista materia ullum, nisi quem ipse mihi fecero,

    Sen. Ep. 87, 11:

    pulcritudinem materiae considerare,

    Plin. Ep. 3, 13, 2; 2, 5, 5:

    materiam ex titulo cognosces,

    id. ib. 5, 13, 3 al. (materies animi est, materia arboris;

    et materies qualitas ingenii, materia fabris apta,

    Front. II. p. 481 Mai.; but this distinction is not observed by class. writers).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > materia

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